Spyker Free Wallpaper Pics Pictures Hd for Desktop Iphone Mobile HD 1080p

Spyker Definition

Source (google.com.pk)

When powering two wheels simultaneously the wheels must be allowed to rotate at different speeds as the vehicle goes around curves. This is accomplished with a differential. A differential allows one input shaft (e.g. - the driveshaft of car or truck) to drive two output shafts (e.g. - axles shafts that go from the differential to the wheel) independently with different speeds. The differential distributes torque (angular force) evenly, while distributing angular velocity (turning speed) such that the average for the two output shafts is equal to that of the differential ring gear. Each powered axle requires a differential to distribute power between the left and the right sides. When all four wheels are driven, a third or 'center' differential can be used to distribute power between the front and the rear axles.
The described system handles extremely well, as it is able to accommodate various forces of movement and distribute power evenly and smoothly, making slippage unlikely. Once it does slip, however, recovery is difficult. If the left front wheel of a 4WD vehicle slips on an icy patch of road, for instance, the slipping wheel will spin faster than the other wheels due to the lower traction at that wheel. Since a differential applies equal torque to each half-shaft, power is reduced at the other wheels, even if they have good traction. This problem can happen in both 2WD and 4WD vehicles, whenever a driven wheel is placed on a surface with little traction or raised off the ground. The simplistic design works acceptably well for 2WD vehicles. It is much less acceptable for 4WD vehicles, because 4WD vehicles have twice as many wheels with which to lose traction, increasing the likelihood that it may happen. 4WD vehicles may also be more likely to drive on surfaces with reduced traction. However, since torque is divided amongst four wheels rather than two, each wheel receives approximately half the torque of a 2WD vehicle, reducing the potential for wheelslip.
[edit]Limiting slippage
Many differentials have no way of limiting the amount of engine power that gets sent to its attached output shafts. As a result, if a tire loses traction on acceleration, either because of a low-traction situation (e.g. - driving on gravel or ice) or the engine power overcomes available traction, the tire that isn't slipping receives little or no power from the engine. In very low traction situations, this can prevent the vehicle from moving at all. To overcome this, there are several designs of differentials that can either limit the amount of slip (these are called 'limited-slip' differentials) or temporarily lock the two output shafts together to ensure that engine power reaches all driven wheels equally.
Locking differentials work by temporarily locking together a differential's output shafts, causing all wheels to turn at the same rate, providing torque in case of slippage. This is generally used for the center differential, which distributes power between the front and the rear axles. While a drivetrain that turns all wheels equally would normally fight the driver and cause handling problems, this is not a concern when wheels are slipping.
The two most common factory-installed locking differentials use either a computer-controlled multi-plate clutch or viscous coupling unit to join the shafts, while other differentials more commonly used on off-road vehicles generally use manually operated locking devices. In the multi-plate clutch the vehicle's computer senses slippage and locks the shafts, causing a small jolt when it activates, which can disturb the driver or cause additional traction loss. In the viscous coupling differentials the shear stress of high shaft speed differences causes a dilatant fluid in the differential to become solid, linking the two shafts. This design suffers from fluid degradation with age and from exponential locking behavior.[citation needed] Some designs use gearing to create a small rotational difference that hastens torque transfer.

Spyker Free Wallpaper Pics Pictures Hd for Desktop Iphone Mobile HD 1080p

 

Spyker Free Wallpaper Pics Pictures Hd for Desktop Iphone Mobile HD 1080p

Spyker Free Wallpaper Pics Pictures Hd for Desktop Iphone Mobile HD 1080p

Spyker Free Wallpaper Pics Pictures Hd for Desktop Iphone Mobile HD 1080p

Spyker Free Wallpaper Pics Pictures Hd for Desktop Iphone Mobile HD 1080p

Spyker Free Wallpaper Pics Pictures Hd for Desktop Iphone Mobile HD 1080p

Spyker Free Wallpaper Pics Pictures Hd for Desktop Iphone Mobile HD 1080p

Spyker Free Wallpaper Pics Pictures Hd for Desktop Iphone Mobile HD 1080p

Spyker Free Wallpaper Pics Pictures Hd for Desktop Iphone Mobile HD 1080p

Spyker Free Wallpaper Pics Pictures Hd for Desktop Iphone Mobile HD 1080p

Spyker Free Wallpaper Pics Pictures Hd for Desktop Iphone Mobile HD 1080p

SAAB Spyker 9+ Tribute - SAAB Supercar

Paying his tribute to the SAAB Spyker Automobiles, Swedish designer Eduard Gray has come up with a vehicle concept called the “SAAB Spyker 9+ Tribute” that is not only pleasant to watch but to drive as well. Combining the elements of a mid-engined SAAB with the Spyker platform, the new supercar featuring low down aerodynamics will possibly generate power from an Audi-sourced V8 engine. Touting a big windshield that extends to complete the roof, the Saab Spyker 9+ Tribute allows a wider view to the commuters. His long, lean two-door Saab Spyker 9+ concept car imagines an evolution of Saab's Aero-X enhanced by some of Spyker's exoticism.

The ink is barely dry on Dutch supercar marque Spyker’s deal to buy Saab, but speculation as to what sort of alluring automotive offspring might arise from the union has already begun. Eduard Gray, an industrial designer educated at Coventry University in the UK and now based in Trollhättan, Sweden, has come up with a concrete vision.

The union of Saab and Spyker presents a unique opportunity to create a design that takes the best of each brand and distills their qualities into a single product," he said.  Gray, who is Dutch and English, points out that a truly unique car can be assembled with the low-slung mid-engine Spyker supercar chassis and the design language at Saab. Spyker lends us its supercar chassis with a mid-mounted engine and low down aerodynamics while Saab contributes with the style, character and engineering making for a design that is as pleasant to look at as it is to drive.

Indeed, his six drawings of the Saab Spyker 9+ Tribute shows elements of both companies.  Gray calls the work "a quick expression of my optimism for the future of the brand."

The distinctly Scandinavian design features a Spyker chassis with a mid-mounted engine and low down aerodynamics, including a system to reduce friction in straight line driving whilst increasing traction in cornering and braking. An enormous panoramic glass roof gives it something of a targa feel as well. Envisioned as a 2+2 model in the storied GT tradition, engine-wise it’s speculated to house a V6 bi-turbo capable of producing over 600 hp, perhaps powered purely by ethanol – we’re talking about the future after all.

2010 SAAB Spyker 9+ Tribute

2010 SAAB Spyker 9+ Tribute

2010 SAAB Spyker 9+ Tribute

2010 SAAB Spyker 9+ Tribute